CVE-2025-31161
Confirmed PUBLISHEDCrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is...
Recommended Action
Prioritize remediation. Validate affected assets and apply vendor fixes on an accelerated timeline.
At a Glance
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
- CVE Published
- Apr 03, 2025
- Exploitation Reported
- Apr 07, 2025
- CVSS
- 9.8 Critical
- EPSS
- —
Affected Versions
| Vendor | Product | Version | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CrushFTP |
CrushFTP
|
10 to < 10.8.4 |
Affected |
| CrushFTP |
CrushFTP
|
11 to < 11.3.1 |
Affected |
CVE References
- outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability outpost24.com · CVE Record https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/
- crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp crushftp.com · CVE Record https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-...
Recommended Actions
- Prioritize remediation. Validate affected assets and apply vendor fixes on an accelerated timeline.
- Check enrichment artifacts for scanner coverage and available PoCs before rolling remediation validation.
- Use the Pro API to automate enrichment, telemetry, and workflow delivery for VM, SOC, and CTI pipelines.
Known Exploited Vulnerability Sources
Catalogues that list this CVE as a known exploited vulnerability.
Per-source evidence links for KEV attestations are available through the KEVIntel Pro API.
Learn about Pro API access| Source | Added |
|---|---|
| CISA First | 2025-04-07 00:00 UTC |
Scanner Artifacts
Nuclei and Metasploit references linked to this CVE.
| Scanner | Reference | Detected |
|---|---|---|
| Nuclei | https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-31161.yaml | Apr 25, 2025 |
Virtual Patch
Compensating WAF rules to help reduce exposure to this CVE. Rule content and deployable vendor exports are available with KEVIntel Enterprise.
KEVIntel does not currently have a virtual patch for this CVE. When available, KEVIntel virtual patches ship as deployable ModSecurity, Cloudflare, and AWS WAF rules.
Enterprise feature. Virtual patch rule content and deployable vendor exports (ModSecurity, Cloudflare, AWS WAF) are available to KEVIntel Enterprise users.
CVSS Scores
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitation Status
Exploited in the wild
Recorded 2025-04-07 00:00:00 UTC · CISA
Used in malware
Recorded 2025-04-07 00:00:00 UTC · CISA
Proof of concept available
Recorded 2025-04-08 15:37:28 UTC · GitHub
Weaknesses (CWE)
-
Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness
Scanner Integrations
| Scanner | Reference | Detected |
|---|---|---|
| Nessus | https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/233965 | Jun 02, 2025 |
| Nuclei | https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-31161.yaml | Apr 25, 2025 |
Potential Proof of Concepts
These PoCs are unverified and could contain malware. Use at your own risk.
github · Created 2025-04-24 22:09:24 UTC · 0 stars
CVE-2025-31161 python exploit
github · Created 2025-04-24 10:25:26 UTC · 0 stars
Official Nuclei template for CVE-2025-31161 (formerly CVE-2025-2825)
github · Created 2025-04-21 23:57:07 UTC · 1 stars
CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Exploit Tool 🔓
github · Created 2025-04-09 14:38:42 UTC · 1 stars
github · Created 2025-04-08 15:37:28 UTC · 5 stars
Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-31161 / CVE-2025-2825
nuclei · Created Unknown
Timeline
Key exploitation, disclosure, scanner coverage, and KEV attestation events for this CVE.
-
09:39 UTC about 1 year ago09:39 UTC · about 1 year ago
Nessus plugin available
Scanner coverage available
-
00:00 UTC about 1 year ago00:00 UTC · about 1 year ago
Nuclei template available
Scanner coverage available
-
15:37 UTC over 1 year ago15:37 UTC · over 1 year ago
Public PoC available
Public proof-of-concept code published
-
00:00 UTC over 1 year ago00:00 UTC · over 1 year ago
Added to CISA KEV
Listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
-
00:00 UTC over 1 year ago00:00 UTC · over 1 year ago
First public exploitation report
Exploit observed in malware
-
00:00 UTC over 1 year ago00:00 UTC · over 1 year ago
CVE published
Vulnerability disclosed publicly
-
00:00 UTC over 1 year ago00:00 UTC · over 1 year ago
CVE ID reserved
Identifier reserved by the CNA
Automate This Intelligence with the Pro API
Confidence scoring, exploit status, sensor telemetry, PoCs, scanner integrations, mentions, and tags are available programmatically for VM, SOC, and CTI workflows.
Pro API Example
GET /api/v2/pro/kevs/CVE-2025-31161
{
"cve_id": "CVE-2025-31161",
"title": "CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass a...",
"affected_vendor": "CrushFTP",
"affected_product": "CrushFTP",
"affected_versions": [
{ "vendor": "...", "product": "...", "status": "affected", "display_label": "..." }
],
"confidence": "Confirmed",
"cvss_score": 9.8,
"epss_score": null,
"exploit_status": {
"exploited_in_the_wild": true,
"active_exploitation_observed": false
},
"sensor_telemetry": { "...": "Pro API fields" },
"proof_of_concepts": [ "..." ],
"scanner_integrations": [ "..." ]
}